Jean De La Fontaine s Poetry Of Fables - 1495 Words

The first ever set of fables are associated with a Thracian slave who lived in the 6th century BC named Aesop. In fact, his work has taken its place to be some of the most admired in Ancient Greek History. Similarly, Phaedrus was another Thracian slave after being set free, whilst living in Rome, he completed 5 books of fables in verse, written in Latin; which some of these were adapted from the fables attributed to Aesop. The first edition of these were published by the Frenchman Pierre Pithou in 1596. Due to these two people and numerous others, Jean de la Fontaine was inspired to write 12 books of fables in Vers libres. La Fontaine was a poet well known, especially, for his fables. It is worth mentioning that La Fontaine wrote in†¦show more content†¦In my opinion, this fable suggests a grim but also a realistic view on the world as it implies that if you cannot help and survive yourself, others cannot help you, like the ant refused to help the cicada. Besides, this also implies that you shouldn t be lazy or depend on anyone else. For instance, the cicada relied on the ant for grain in the winter but the result was not as expected, we should stand on our own feet and be able to provide for ourselves. Furthermore, there is a well known, generalised theory that life is a paradox and so everything good is harmful which works for this fable because the cicada enjoyed himself all summer but it was harmful for him when it got to winter season. However in contrast, if we asked the ant whether he was content with his work, he would still not be satisfied even though he has everything he needs; he would want to collect more grain, collect more materials for his shelter. In a like manner, the ant is a character with concerns for the future whilst on the other hand the cicada is a character who lives in the moment with no interest in the future. Inconveniently, both characters carry out an excess of one thing, either working too hard or having fun whereas in r eality both of those things need to be balanced together, this could be another moral that La FontaineShow MoreRelatedGreek Mythology s Influence On The Arts And Literature Of Western Civilization2652 Words   |  11 Pageslong wanderings and adventures of Odysseus, king of Ithaca, as he travels home from the war. The fullest and most important source of myths about the origin of the gods is the epic Theogony. It was written by the Greek poet Hesiod about 700 BC. Hesiod s Works and Days, another source of myths, tells of various ages of humankind. Many of the ancient Greek lyric poets preserved various myths. The odes of the poet Pindar, who flourished in the 6th–5th century BC, are particularly rich in myth and legend

Case Study “the Hollywood Film Industry and the Role of...

1. Characterise the advantages of independent film making. New faces have been introduced. Actors can step outside typical typecast roles. Based on one’s creativity. Low-budget film making. Allows the artist to circumvent excessive studio control on their projects Directors can craft their own unique vision. Writers can often see their scripted vision through the entire development process. Did not have permanent staff and would bring people together to make a film on short term contract basis. 2. Compare the industry network of Hollywood with that of the motor sport valley in the United Kingdom a) Industry network of Hollywood. A project-based enterprise. Has develops a wide range of skills and†¦show more content†¦To make a film, resources is required and a financial backer is involved (i.e. the producer) who is responsible for getting the film made. The artistic and creative input lies with the director and is separate from the financial responsibilities that lie with the producer. If it is the big budgeting films, many temporary crews may be needed. A film company employs all its workers just like other companies did. The producer and director use both their social networks and work networks to locate the necessary skills as well as appoint leading players responsible for appointing all the necessary crews required. Although these crews meant for temporary work only, their skills are most needed during the production stage of film shooting. The crews’ employment rise as the production begins. On the pre-production and post production stage, only several crews’ needed depending on their skills. At the end of making the film the organisation formed for this purposes ceases to exist, leaving no fixed assets and no structure for continued learning. 4. If the organisation is dissolved after completing the making of the film what happens to the skills and competencies learn and developed? Learning and sharing of knowledge is undertaken during these periods. Actors and actresses in demand, after completing a film shoot, they will moved to another film project a long time before the film is

Hasty Generalisation Free Essays

Hasty generalization (Anecdotal) Definition: Making assumptions about a whole group or range of cases based on a sample that is inadequate (usually because it is atypical or just too small). Stereotypes about people (â€Å"librarians are shy and smart,† â€Å"wealthy people are snobs,† etc. ) are a common example of the principle underlying hasty generalization. We will write a custom essay sample on Hasty Generalisation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Example: â€Å"My roommate said her philosophy class was hard, and the one I’m in is hard, too. All philosophy classes must be hard! † Two people’s experiences are, in this case, not enough on which to base a conclusion. The person committing the fallacy is misusing the following type of reasoning, which is known variously as Inductive Generalization, Generalization, and Statistical Generalization: 1. X% of all observed A’s are B†s. 2. Therefore X% of all A’s are Bs. The fallacy is committed when not enough A’s are observed to warrant the conclusion. If enough A’s are observed then the reasoning is not fallacious. Tip: Ask yourself what kind of â€Å"sample† you’re using: Are you relying on the opinions or experiences of just a few people, or your own experience in just a few situations? If so, consider whether you need more evidence, or perhaps a less sweeping conclusion. (Notice that in the example, the more modest conclusion â€Å"Some philosophy classes are hard for some students† would not be a hasty generalization. ) Here are some more examples of hasty generalisations fallacies. See if you can identify the fallacy and write this in the following format â€Å"A means B. † We will then discuss what is wrong with each one: 1. Bill: â€Å"You know, those feminists all hate men. † Joe: â€Å"Really? † Bill: â€Å"Yeah. I was in my philosophy class the other day and that Rachel chick gave a presentation. † Joe: â€Å"Which Rachel? † Bill: â€Å"You know her. She’s the one that runs that feminist group over at the Women’s Center. She said that men are all sexist pigs. I asked her why she believed this and she said that her last few boyfriends were real sexist pigs. † Joe: â€Å"That doesn’t sound like a good reason to believe that all of us are pigs. † Bill: â€Å"That was what I said. † Joe: â€Å"What did she say? † Bill: â€Å"She said that she had seen enough of men to know we are all pigs. She obviously hates all men. † Joe: â€Å"So you think all feminists are like her? † Bill: â€Å"Sure. They all hate men. † 2. â€Å"Our English teacher made us ready read some poetry last year, and it was really boring. I know now that I will never like poetry† 3. Fred the Australian, stole my wallet. Thus, all Australians are thieves. 4. I asked six of my friends what they thought of the new taxes and they agreed that they are a good idea. The new taxes are therefore generally popular. 5. All swans are white. 6. Critical thinking is not part of my university application therefore Critical Thinking has no value After the discussion write 2 or 3 examples of ad hominem/tu qouque’s of your own. India is the country with the largest population therefore Indian people love to have sex Han Eol is good at badminton therefore all Koreans are good at badminton The Virginia Tech Massacre was done by a Korean, therefore all Koreans are terrorists James Koay gets good grades therefore all Asians are smart Blondes are dumb therefore Carrie Sharp is dumb How to cite Hasty Generalisation, Papers

Immunological Tests for Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theImmunological Tests for Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction. Answer: Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction tests: These tests are mainly cell proliferation assays. They may be of two types which are the one way MLR and the two way MLR. There are many other ways by which the scientists or any other organizations can follow their guidelines for performing the test. One way MLR can be described as the cell proliferation assay where a particular population of lymphocytes (called the responder cells) gets stimulated by another population of lymphocytes called the stimulator cell. After incubation period for about five to six days, Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)are mainly mixed and then incorporated into the DNA of the proliferating cells (Brunner Cerottinii, 2014). They are then incubated there for another day or half. Following this, the BrdU is washed out from the mixture. Then Enzyme-linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) is performed. This helps to quantify the total amount of BrdU which gives a measure of cell proliferation. Actually in the end, the expert is mainly evaluating the proliferation response of the target cells which occur when both the population of lymphocytes are mixed together. In two way MLR tests, there is only one difference. Here, both the populations of the lymphocyte cells are able to proliferate. As a result, the experimental design is set in such a way so that, it can support the proliferation of both lymphocytes. However, the analysis of the amount of the proliferated cells is mainly done by the mixing of two populations of lymphocytes (Hong et al., 2017). The tests are mainly performed so that proper assessment can be made that whether proliferation of T-cell is increased or had undergone inhibition in response to the external or any other cellular stimuli. An inhibited cell proliferation states the decrease of the T-cell response to the test article. An increase in the cell proliferation indicates an increase in T cell response to the test article. They are mainly used by the biotech and pharmaceutical organizations to understand whether their drug or any other implantable material is safe or not (Konina et al., 2013). Pokeweed mitogen test: Pokeweed mitogen test is a type of lymphocyte stimulation test which use a substance called mitogen to non specifically activate the lymphoid cells in the sample. Mitogens are derived from plants and can bind with molecules on the surface of the lymphocytes, thereby triggering their activation called blastogenesis. This is followed by subsequent division or proliferation. Pokeweed mitogen test is mainly considered to be a B cell mitogen. At first the lymphocytes are suspended and maintained in tissue culture medium which is supplemented with serum obtained from normal animals of same species as the lymphocytes are being assayed. The lymphocyte cell suspension is then aliquoted into a number of multi-well plates and culture media followed by the adding of mitogenic substance to relevant culture wells. Cultures without the presence of mitogen should be kept for control purposes. The total volume for each of the well should be kept constant and only the concentration of the lymphocytes and the mitogens should be changed form one well to another (Salak et al., 2016). All well on the plate should be set in triplicate style for analysis. The culture periods should vary between 2 to 5 days in a tissue culture incubator at 37 degree Celsius and 5% CO2. Within the last few hours, a set quantity of radio-labelled thymidine should be added to each of the well in the plate but not in the triplicate of well that act as controls. Radio labeled thymidine is then inserted into newly synthesized DNA as the cellular divisions continue in wells. Culture is then stopped, contents of each well are mechanically aspirated, cells are collected in filter mat and all culture fluid, unincorporated thymidine and others are released. The amount of beta radiation emitted is mainly proportional to the total amount of thymiden which is radio-labelled and incorporated in the lymphocytes. This thereby shows how it is proportional to the rate of division. The result is mainly recorded as the sti mulation index (SI)which takes into account the level of background cell division that occurs in control well not exposed to mitogen. When such result is greater than 3, it is considered as significant result. The measurement of the human lymphocytes proliferative responses to different types of stimuli can be considered as an important technique which is used to assess their biological functions as well as their status. Mitogens are able to nonspecifically stimulate lymphocytes proliferation which in turn helps to evaluate the immune responsiveness of the patient Fluorescence antibody test: This can be defined as the test in which a fluorescent dye is mainly used to stain an antibody so that proper identification of clinical specimens can be conducted. The fluorescent dyes help in conjugation with the immunoglobulin in such a way so that there is no alteration in the antibody-antigen reaction. These make the dyed organism (if present) glow visibly when examined under a fluorescent microscope. Two techniques can be used in this type of tests. The first one is the direct test where the immunoglobulin is first conjugated with a fluorescent dye and then it is added to the tissue (Bizzaro et al., 2014). Following this, it combines with the specific antigen. The other type is called the indirect antibody technique. In this type, the immunoglobulin is first added to the tissue. Then it is made to combine with the specific antigen after which the antigen antibody complex gets labeled with a fluorescent antibody. This test is mainly helpful in identification of a wide range of infective and other agents for which specific antibodies linked to fluorescein are held. The observation of the fluorescence demonstrates that the antibody has been successful in attaching with the corresponding antigen if present and thereby provided appropriate outcomes (Wang et al., 2014). The utility can be described in examples. This test can be used in the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosi. It is also the most common serological test for syphilis. Moreover, it is also seen that when humans are infected by rabies virus, the virus proteins which are the antigens get incorporated in their tissues. As rabies remains present in the nervous tissue, fluorescently-labeled anti-rabies antibody a (Direct fluorescent antibody test) is conducted which helps in identification of the presence or absence of the antigen in the human being (Roberdet et al., 2013). Plaque-forming cell assay: The aim of the Plaque-forming cell assay is the evaluation of an individual to mount a humoral response or simply an antibody response to a particular antigen typically like that of the sheep red blood cells called the SRBC. When exposure to the SRBC or any other T-cell dependent antigens takes place, generation of antigen specific antibody response requires bit cooperation as well as interaction of the several immense cell types. These include B cells, T cells and also antigen presenting cells like macrophages. Alteration in the functioning of any such cells can impair the ability of the B cells to produce antigen specific antibody. Due to this complexity of the interaction of different types of cells, quantification of the plaque forming cell response which is actually antibody forming cell response SRBC response was found to be important as the best predictors of immuno-toxicity (Ladics, 2016). The PFC response to SRBC mainly incorporates the usage of immuno-competetent cells from lymphoid organs mainly like the spleen. In association with this, other antigens known as T cell independent antigens can be used in the PFC assay for identification of the primary immune types of cells which are targeted by particular compound. These antigens do not require the need for the T cells in the eliciting any kinds of production of the antibody by the B cells. In spite of using the antigen, the PFC assay is based on SRBC. Which include the antigen as well as the conjugated hapten for the specific antibody produced by the B cells (Leftkovits Pernis, 2014). Spleens from SRBC immunized animals are removed and cells are mixed then with SRBC. It is complemented in SRBC media like agar. The mixture is then placed on petridish, covered and incubated for 3 hours at 37degree Celcius. During incubation, B cells produce IgM antibody which are specific for SRBC. This then bind to SRBC membrane antigens. This is then found to cause complement mediated lysis of the SRBC. Subsequent formation of plaques takes place. These can be counted visually. Data is usually expressed as IgM AFC(PFC)/ spleen Source: Ladics, 10.1007/978-3-642-27786-3_1171-3 Cytotoxic lymphocyte assay: The cytotoxic T lymphocyte response against T-dependent antigens require cooperation of major categories of immune cells which include professional antigen presenting cell like dendritc cells, CD4+ T helper cells and CD8+ T effector lymphocytes. It helps in evaluating antigen presentation via class 1 and class 2 MHC (major histocompatability complex). Therefore, CTL assay is also excellent candidate for the evaluation of potential immunotoxicity in the immune system (Burleson, Burselon Deitart, 2010). 51Chromium (Cr) Release Assays is one type of assay. This is the classical assay to detect the CTL activity. This assay mainly evaluates the ability of the CD8+ cytotoxic T cells to lyze target cells which expresses an epitope of interest. Target cells are first stimulated with the help of an appropriate peptide to activate the cells. Then the target cells which express the epitope of interest are labeled with 51Cr. Cells are then incubated by CTL effector cells. As the CTL effectors cells are binding to the antigen specific target, these number of cell will go lyses and the 51Cr will be eventually released in the culture supernatant (Xu et al., 2013). The cells are then centrifuged and the levels of 51Cr in the supernatant are measured by scintillation. In the recent years, a variety of similar assays are proposed which do not use radioactive agents. They involve measuring of the CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. These help in determination of levels of CD8+ cytotoxic activity (Mucida et al., 2013). Researchers are of the opinion that that the later are more sensitive to that of the traditional method. References: Bizzaro, N., Antico, A., Platzgummer, S., Tonutti, E., Bassetti, D., Pesente, F., ... Study Group on Autoimmune Diseases of the Italian Society of Laboratory Medicine. (2014). Automated antinuclear immunofluorescence antibody screening: a comparative study of six computer-aided diagnostic systems.Autoimmunity Reviews,13(3), 292-298. Brunner, K. T., Cerottini, J. C. (2014). Cytotoxic lymphocytes as effector cells of cell-mediated immunity.Progress in immunology,1, 385-398. Burleson, G. R., Burleson, F. G., Dietert, R. R. (2010). The cytotoxic T lymphocyte assay for evaluating cell-mediated immune function.Immunotoxicity Testing: Methods and Protocols, 195-205. Hong, J. W., Lim, J. H., Chung, C. J., Kang, T. J., Kim, T. Y., Kim, Y. S., ... Lew, D. H. (2017). Immune Tolerance of Human Dental Pulp-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mediated by CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ Regulatory T-Cells and Induced by TGF-1 and IL-10.Yonsei Medical Journal,58(5), 1031-1039. Khonina, N. A., Broitman, E. V., Shevela, E. Y., Pasman, N. M., Chernykh, E. R. (2013). Mixed lymphocyte reaction blocking factors (MLR-Bf) as potential biomarker for indication and efficacy of paternal lymphocyte immunization in recurrent spontaneous abortion.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics,288(4), 933-937. Ladics, G. S. (2016). Plaque-Forming Cell Assays.Encyclopedia of Immunotoxicology, 698-702. Lefkovits, I., Pernis, B. (Eds.). (2014).Immunological methods(Vol. 3). Elsevier. Mucida, D., Husain, M. M., Muroi, S., Van Wijk, F., Shinnakasu, R., Naoe, Y., ... Attinger, A. (2013). Transcriptional reprogramming of mature CD4+ helper T cells generates distinct MHC class II-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes.Nature immunology,14(3), 281-289. Robardet, E., Andrieu, S., Rasmussen, T. B., Dobrostana, M., Horton, D. L., Hostnik, P., ... Servat, A. (2013). Comparative assay of fluorescent antibody test results among twelve European National Reference Laboratories using various anti-rabies conjugates.Journal of virological methods,191(1), 88-94. Salak, J. L., McGlone, J. J., Morrow, J. L., Hurst, R. J., Green, R. D. (2016). Genetic Variability in Measures of Beef Cattle Immune Response.Texas Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources,3, 54-56. Wang, C., Bao, C., Liang, S., Zhang, L., Fu, H., Wang, Y., ... Ni, J. (2014). HAI-178 antibody-conjugated fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles for targeted imaging and simultaneous therapy of gastric cancer.Nanoscale research letters,9(1), 274. Xu, Z., Ramishetti, S., Tseng, Y. C., Guo, S., Wang, Y., Huang, L. (2013). Multifunctional nanoparticles co-delivering Trp2 peptide and CpG adjuvant induce potent cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response against melanoma and its lung metastasis.Journal of Controlled Release,172(1), 259-265.

Naked Egg Drop Lab Report Essay Example

Naked Egg Drop Lab Report Paper Things we learned that was relevant to the lab were what Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy was. Potential Energy is stored energy due to objects relative position, while Kinetic energy was energy of motion; amount of energy depends on objects mass and velocity. The lab with the roller coaster showed examples of when the coaster was at the highest point that it had more Gravitational Potential energy and that by the time it reached the bottom or the lowest point of the hill it had the most amount of Kinetic Energy. The goal of the lab was to make a contraption that if an egg was dropped from about 18 Ft it wouldnt break or even crack. We tried to absorb the force of the egg so that it wouldnt hot the ground with too much energy. The contraption had a net made of yarn to catch the egg and not have it bounce too much; it was slanted slightly so the egg could roll down into a soft pile of cotton that lined the bottom of the box. The purpose of the lab was to make a contraption that would prevent an egg from breaking if dropped from about 18 feet high. We will write a custom essay sample on Naked Egg Drop Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Naked Egg Drop Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Naked Egg Drop Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The egg was to land at the highest point of the net and roll gently down into the cotton lining at the bottom of the box. Materials: * Box 22 x 45 x 29 * Net (yarn) * Cotton Balls * Large Paperclips The data does make sense. If someones data was off the way it could affect our results was it could slight miscalculations or false information. Ways we deal with this data is we do at least 2 trials and average up the data to ensure that the data would be a bit more accurate. The way the results relate to the purpose statement is it helped determine the exact height of the drop, how much kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy the egg has at a given point, and how much force and impact the egg lands with. For example I could calculate the height of the drop, too make sure the calculations are accurate, using the d=vi t+1/2 tat; I calculated that the drop should be around 6. 71 meters or about 18 Ft, which is pretty close to the actually height . Errors that could have occurred were miscalculation, incorrect information, wrong time, wrong measurement, etc. We had several timers to make sure we had the timing as accurate as possible and we compared are data to make sure we got the same data. The goal of this lab was to make a contraption that would stop the egg from breaking when dropped from about 18 Ft and to find out how much potential and kinetic energy the egg has at a given time.

US Superpower essays

US Superpower essays Is the United States still a superpower? A superpower is a power that is superior or very great. Yes, the United States is still a superpower under that definition. So many countries depend on the United States for their protection, say, and goods. Without the United States the world would have to depend on countries like China, England, and France that go through a lot of political disruption. Many countries will not go into war unless they have the backing of the United States, because they know that if they do go into war and the United States is not on their side that they might end up fighting the United States in the war and lose terribly. The United States has the strongest military and a lot of technology that is very useful to the rest of the world. The United States is the key to the worlds economy. The United States does not need to import goods from other countries because if it was necessary the United States could just depend on what is in the country. Such as the oil situation, we could drill in Alaska instead getting our oil from the Middle East. We import so many goods that we dish out a lot of money that helps support other countries. Dealing with the money situation, the United States tries to help undeveloped countries buy loaning them money or sometimes just giving them money to get them on their feet. We put out so much money to other parts of the world that if we did not they would just collapse. In conclusion, the United States is still a superpower because the world needs us to be. If we werent a superpower, the rest of the world would just be chaos. ...

Minnesota Rag Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Minnesota Rag - Essay Example Johan Morrison began to publish the Rip-Saw, this was published weekly which exposed the illegal uses and other vice, which according to Morrison were carried out directly or indirectly by the municipal authorities. Of the targets of the newspapers were the two legislators who weren't satisfied with route to ordinary defamation laws. With the help of the press established as Minnesota they sketched the Public Nuisance Law 1925 which allowed the permanent judge to direct the newspapers from publishing upon a finding that is "customarily or regularly" published "defamatory, malicious and scandalous" material. The defense was a truth given that the intention behind were good for justified ends. This was passed with little or no fame and press didn't show up an opposition, but before Duluth representatives, in order to shut down the Rip-Saw with the help of gag law, Morrison died. (P.14-27) Apart from the above another crisis rose of the whiskey trade from Canada, when Jay Near and an associate started the publication of the scandal sheet of their own called Saturday Press. While the conventional press often soft-pedaled its reporting on vice and corruption, the Press held nothing sacred. Sometimes trustfully but always recklessly, it accused law enforcement and political figures of seizing every available illicit opportunity. Unlike, Morrison, the publishers of the Press were scandalmongers without redeeming moral zeal, and they were frequently accused of using their paper as an instrument of blackmail (p. 32-35). In May 1928, the Minnesota Supreme Court unanimously upheld the law's constitutionality, finding the Press to be a nuisance to public comfort and repose akin to noxious weeds, dogs and houses of prostitution. The court had no difficulty distinguishing "nuisances" like Near's rag from the "the sincere and honest voice of the press," which had no need to fear the statute (p 61). The constitutional guarantee, the court insisted, extends only to the boundaries of propriety; "licentiousness" is unprotected (p. 61-62). Consequently, the court found that "there is no constitutional right to publish a fact merely because it is true" p62. And when the fledgling American Civil Liberties Union announced that it would undertake an appeal to the Supreme Court on Near's behalf (p. .63-64), the Minneapolis Evening Tibune's editorial echoed the court's emphasis on the need to protect only "responsible" journalism: "The Civil Liberties Union will no doubt make a great pother about the freedom of the press, but the legitimate newspapers will be rather bored than excited about it" (p.64-65). Enter Colonel Robert R. McCormick and his Chicago Tribune. Obsessed by government hostility to press freedoms McCormick nudged out the ACLU and assumed the financial burden and strategic control of the case. He believed that Near's accusation about local politicians probably were true (p. 70), and he feared in any event that, unless stamped out quickly, Minnesota technique for suppressing newspapers would spread to other states (p. 78). Client and patron soon developed divergent interest; while Near bridled at delays in resuming his tawdry livelihood, McCormick and his law firm were intent on gaining a constitutional victory at the highest level (p. 77, 84-87). In the end, McCormick had his way. At oral argument before the Supreme Court, Weymouth

UAE Free Trade Zones Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

UAE Free Trade Zones - Research Paper Example They advance fiscal improvement by drawing investment and creating employment and overseas exchange income. Without a doubt, the zone conception is so dominant, that to a greater extent nations are distinguishing a novel exemplar of Free Zones. Whilst the old Free Zone was time and again illustrated as stationary, labor-demanding, motivation driven, the novel zone model is a dynamic investment demanding, one that is administration driven, facilitating an incorporated fiscal development device. In the UAE, the initial Free Zone at Jebel Ali came into being in 1985 and made available intercontinental businesses and firms a focus, which linked the East and the West and stretched out the prospects of their maneuvers (UAE Government, 2008). Nowadays there are over 24 Free Zones in the UAE offering first-rate amenities and communications for carrying out business and most significantly are industry detailed in nature. Abu Dhabi Airport Free Zone The Airports Company of Abu Dhabi is setting up Abu Dhabi Airport Free Zone also referred to as ADAFZ. It is a commerce and logistics park, to be functioned as a free zone (UNDP, 2002).With Abu Dhabi having the largest population in the UAE, as shown in the chart below, it becomes suitable for setting up of the Free Trade Zone. Figure 1: UAE population figures by the Emirates Source: http://adafz.ae/images/adafza-brochure.pdf Every justifiable logistics actions apart from banking are permissible in the park, conditional on the observance to the surroundings, health and safety necessities. As the park is located near the suburban region, all actions ought to be friendly to the environment. An investor ought to encompass a let out amenity to acquire the license to work from the park. There are straightforward and proficient measures for handling of cargo and authorization. ADAFZ is working together closely with Ports Company of Abu Dhabi for haulage of commodities from the park. There are no explicit restrictions of labor. Howe ver, the visa will be given out founded on the approval of the government. Once the imbursement is completed in conjunction with the obligatory credentials, the registration will take just two days of work. Corporations can let out offices, plots of land or Industry of Light Units founded on accessibility. A corporation can contain multiple amenities (Kemp, 2002). All services are priced as per usage by the confined giver. Numerous business sectors are being persuaded, a number of them being, Logistics, cargo & freight, Aviation & aerospace Electronics, Computers, internet and IT Electrical, Consultancy and business development, medical equipment, Telecom, express transportation, and pharmaceuticals. ADAFZ offers three sorts of commerce licenses; license of trade, license of service and an industrial license (Mustafa, 2002). FTZ1-Positive Contributions to the UAE This trade park provides the clientele with a dynamic overcrowding, an environment that is free. They proffer rapid and p roficient clearance cargo services. Entry to the apron of the airport in addition to global shipment forward, and agencies of cargo clearance is readily obtainable. Onsite inspection amenity of cargos is given. ADAFZ offers all inclusive shop resolution for every investor necessities and overhauls (UNDP, 2003). The amenities can be obtained daily with online client support scheme. A variety of services such as commerce registration, certification, letting, member of staff

Case Analysis (another one) Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis (another one) - Case Study Example Before 2007, the firm realized same growth rate that exceeded five percent for 15 consecutive years. This growth helped the company to establish its brand in the market, setting it apart from its rivals. The company maintained â€Å"standardization,† which helped it build its brand regardless of its rapid expansion. A lucrative business, the company has manage to merge growth and profitability with its competitive advantage, particularly by espousing strong ethical values (Ivey 7). In the recent years, however, Starbucks is showing weaknesses attributed to high prices, market saturation, and long waits in its stores due to the inexperience of its baristas and managers. The quality of coffee is low, and the food the company provides highly unattractive. With respect to opportunities, coffee culture is growing at a rapid pace globally, providing Starbucks with a chance to go up-market and compete with established coffee firms, especially in the luxurious European market and emer ging markets such as China, India, Brazil, and Russia. In this case, Starbucks will manage to cope with the threats posed by Dunkin Donuts, McDonald’s, and Peet’s Coffee & Tea, as well as those resulting from financial crisis and the company’s overexposure in the market (Ivey 8). Based on the strategic issues that Starbucks is encountering, which contribute to its downfall, the firm should hire additional managers and train its baristas appropriately to help streamline its menus, fill orders faster, and improve the overall services delivered to clients. The organization should also offer more products and services beyond coffee to address the diverse needs of its clients. The company should also provide its clients with natural food that does not affect their health negatively. In addition, the firm should lower the prices of its products and enforce fair workplace arrangements for it to create a

Theories Of Leadership And Trait Theory

Theories Of Leadership And Trait Theory INTRODUCTION: The question Are Leaders Born or Made? has been the most discussed topic in leadership studies. There has been research related to the proposing inherited traits of leadership such as Kilpatrick and Locke (1991). However, later in the century, theories surfaced regarding behavioral approaches to leadership. Blake and Mouton (1964) and Northouse (1997) focused on leadership behavior which contradicted the theory establishing that leadership is just for the chosen few, not accessible to all people. Firstly, we will discuss what leadership means, then explore research and theories and its relationship with the concept of employee motivation. LEADERSHIP DEFINITION A LEADERSHIP is a social process in which one individual has the power to affects the group of others without the use of threat or violence THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP There are 4 basic theories of leadership. Given and described below: TRAIT THEORY Peoples are born with inherited personal qualities know as traits. Some traits are particularly suited to leadership. People with having good leaders qualities have sufficient combination of traits. This theory was basically a Psychology one. In which individuals are given importance on their natural or personal characteristics or traits. Importance was given to enhance and discovering those traits in individuals, often by studying successful leaders. But with the underlying assumption was if those qualities are to be found in other peoples as well then they, too, could have the talent to become great leaders. Some of the traits and skill to become great leader is given below in the chart. Stogdill (1974) identified the following traits and skills as critical to leaders McCall and Lombardo (1983) researched both success and failure identified four primary traits by which leaders could succeed or derail: Emotional stability and composure: Calm, confident and predictable, particularly when under stress. Admitting error: Owning up to mistakes, rather than putting energy into covering up. Good interpersonal skills: Able to communicate and persuade others without resort to negative or coercive tactics. Intellectual breadth: Able to understand a wide range of areas, rather than having a narrow (and narrow-minded) area of expertise. Many years back these inherited traits were being sidelined as learned and situational factors are being given due importance and are considered as far more realistic as reason for people in acquiring leader positions. But now they are being given importance as no individual can become leader if he has not acquired the leadership qualities personally or have learned from experience. SITUATIONAL THEORY The brilliant reaction of the leader shows in the situational factor. When the decision is needed the leader here does not just go into the single preferred style such as transactional or transformational because to them things are not as simple as they seem. The factor that can affect this kind of theory is the motivation and capability of the followers towards the leader. As the relationship between a leader and the followers is another thing in this regard depending on each others behavior among the leader and the followers. Perception of the leader is also very important in this regard towards his followers because if he has good perception about his followers than he ill deal calmly otherwise he will threaten his followers to follow him. Yukl (1989) seeks to combine other approaches and identifies six variables: Subordinate effort: the motivation and actual effort expended. Subordinate ability and role clarity: followers knowing what to do and how to do it. Organization of the work: the structure of the work and utilization of resources. Cooperation and cohesiveness: of the group in working together. Resources and support: the availability of tools, materials, people, etc. External coordination: the need to collaborate with other groups. Leaders here work on such factors as external relationships, acquisition of resources, managing demands on the group and managing the structures and culture of the group. Tannenbaum and Schmidt (1958) identified three situations affecting leaders action. The forces in the situation; the forces in the followers and the forces in leader. This recognizes that the leaders style is really variable and even such distant that a family dispute can also affects his perception and working with his followers and can create aggression as well among them. Maier (1963) noted that leaders not only consider the likelihood of a follower accepting a suggestion, but also the overall importance of getting things done. Thus in critical situations, a leader is more likely to be directive in style simply because of the implications of failure. ECLECTIC THEORY This theory goes with the combination of the above two theories namely THE TRAIT THEORY and THE SITUATIONAL THEORY. This deals in having the factor of both the above discussed theories of leadership. To have a successful and friendly environment between the leader and the followers. STYLE THEORY This theory deals with the behavior of leader himself with his employees or the followers. If the behavior will be good the affect of the good relation of both will portrays on the situation or problem which is considered to be solved. EXECUTIVE THEORY In this theory the manager or the leader has both a high task orientation and a high relationship orientation. COMPROMISING THEORY In this theory the leader is Poor at making and sticking to decisions BENEVOLENT AUTOCRAT THEORY In this theory leader has some trust and regard for his team so is more effective in doing any work. AUTOCRAT THEORY In this theory the leader has no confidence in others and is unpleasant, overbearing and less effective. DEVELOPER THEORY In this theory the leader builds trust on the team implicitly and wants to develop them as people. MISSIONARY INTERESTED THEORY In this theory the leader mainly focussed on harmony and cooperation so not as effective DESERTER THEORY In this theory the leader is someone who is uninvolved and withdrawn in or from the working or dealing. BEAURAUCRAT THEORY Its basically about the Conscientious of the leader himself that how much loyal is he to himself and others. CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADERSHIP ACCEPTANCE OF RESPONSIBILITY: Leader should have the feeling to accept his responsibility. SELF CONFIDENCE: Leader should have the self confidence container to avoid confusions and hesitations during his work. GENERAL CONFIDENCE: Must have the ability to have confidence on plotting or presenting general views on any thing and issues regarding matter. INTEGRITY: He must be the strong holder of integrity or honesty to present himself well. INTELLIGENCE: Leader must have the intelligence on and in his work of any type. This would avoid arguments and confusions with his work and employees. SKILLS OF THE LEADERSHIP There are several characteristics of leadership which are required to become a good leader. ORGANIZATIONAL ABILITY: Person must have the ability to organize things and people according to their capability in doing any work. ACCEPTANCE BY PEOPLE AT ALL LEVELS: Leader must have the ability to influence all peoples idea towards his own and the ability to accept him as their leader. ENERGY: Must have the energy or power to deal with any situation with his followers or employees. ENCOURAGING INITIATIVE IN OTHERS: Leader must have the ability to take proper and appropriate actions in different situations without any confusion or hesitation. DELEGATION: Must have the input to make delegations and impress others as well. TACT: Should have ability to care and sill in ones behavior to people, to avoid hurting or offending them. SELF-DISCIPLINE: Must be disciplined as well for setting an example for his people and to look after them. PROBLEM SOLVING: Leader should be able to solve any kind of problem arise during working to set up a leader impression and to be out of mistakes. OLD EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION In this qualitative study, the 1950s-1970s work of Frederick Herzberg, the father of work motivational research, was compared, and contrasted with current data study about management effectiveness to explore how employee motivation may have changed. Staff members and managers (N=38), primarily form healthcare settings, but also from academic, public, and private sector businesses were interviewed. Interpersonal relations now rank first as a motivating factor in this study. Recognition, the work itself, and responsibility are still ranked as critical motivating factors. These are important to understand as work is redesigned. Supporting positive interpersonal relations among subordinates, supervisors, and peers can be viewed as an effective management strategy to facilitate employee motivation. For employees, developing positive interpersonal relations with co-workers can enhance individual motivation and may improve job satisfaction. CRITICISIM ON THE NOTION OF LEADERSHIP AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE CONCEPT OF OLD EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION The concept of old employee motivation and its relation with the notion of leadership shall be criticized on the base that in early time people were given important on their realistic things and truths they dont have to learned any thing to acquire leadership, but now a days people have to be more sophisticated thinker and broadminded to take good decision and sometimes have to be more biased to give their company profit and make their company reach to highest peak. People now criticize the thing that old employee motivation was better as compared to now because now managers or we can say leaders are only thinking of themselves while the whole work is done by the employers as well. But employers are not given due importance in this regard now a day. So the mind set of leadership is creating bad affect in companies now because everyone is equally important in the team work including the manager himself. Peoples or the employees need satisfaction from their managers to get encouraged in their work and so can do much more better work in organization. Today as the advancement is increasing the organizations are creating partitions or fields for different work which cause lack of communication between the employees and the manager. Instead of this the new employees that come in organizations by recruitment feel really difficult to understand the whole process of the vast organizational functions. This will make them unable to flow proper with the organization. They want to get introduced first to the system before coming its part and this will be very difficult for them if company or organization have many departments in itself. This will create a big gap between the new employees and the old existing staff as well. Which later shows disputes between the staff members and the new employees as well. In fact the old concept was to make an organization really family like structure that can be understand by any one whether new or old all should get into the flow of system its basic aim was also to take the whole team together with courage, equality and power so that the organization can get good output results and which boost up the profit of the company or organization. Communication between the manager and the employees creates a friendly environment in which everyone should love to exchange views and share companies problem to get the best possible solution for their company. This was also due to the reason that the employees and manager get in touch more and discuss problems with full swing which is not the part of today occurring management systems. Thus this was a basic weak point of present organizations which is affecting the countrys economy as well CONCLUSION Leadership is elusive but momentous, passionate but single minded a matter of patience but sudden opportunity, a great struggle for victory and finally creating a leader to replace you. As shown in the figure 0.15. http://www.uptecnet.com/rel2/tv/download/TV010407/images/fig15.gif Nowadays, most scholars in the field have come to conclude that leaders are both born and made. Many leaders are born with qualities and attributes that assist them in leadership effectiveness. While at the same time development in their childhood and adolescence, education and later work experiences encourage and cultivate leadership abilities. (Bass, 1990; and Conger, 1992)

No Child Left Behind Will Reform Our Educational System Essay -- Finan

No Child Left Behind Will Reform Our Educational System (this essay is missing the works cited) Just three days after taking office in January of 2001 as the forty third president of the United States, George W. Bush announced his plan of No Child Left Behind. Signed January 8, 2002, it was the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, the central federal law in pre-collegiate education. (Rebora) No Child Left Behind cleared Congress in a landslide with overwhelming majorities. (Seligman) It was said to be the most ambitious school reform effort in at least a generation. (Symonds) No Child Left Behind, is a landmark in education reform, designed to improve student achievement and change the culture of America's schools. Bush describes his plan as 'the cornerstone of my administration' (Rebora). At a time of wide public concern about the state of education, the legislation sets in place requirements that reach into virtually every public school in America. The law emphasizes accountability, teacher quality, parent choice, improved teaching methods, and flexibility. (Correa) Strict requirements and deadlines have been set for states to expand the scope and frequency of student testing, revamp their accountability system and guarantee that every classroom is staffed by a ?highly qualified? teacher in his or her own subject area. (I ed) The plan also mandates annual student testing in reading and math by 2005, and requires all school districts to allow students in consistently low-performing schools to transfer to higher performing schools, at the districts expense. (Hull) From year to year, states are required to improve the quality of their schools. No Child Left Behind has expanded the federal ... ...spects that put too much of a burden upon the teachers. All children deserve an excellent education, but it takes more than the teachers and the school system to ensure the success of a child. The child must have the drive and parents as well must be involved. Although the plan has many great ideas, the school system should not be punished if a small group fails what about the large amount that is doing wonderfully? This law was an outstanding start. Now that lawmakers are aware of the problems, they need to act. The worst that could happen is that No Child Left Behind is unchanged, leaving behind yet another child. (Symonds) ?Reform is no longer about access or money. It is no longer about compliance or excuses. It is about improving student achievement by improving the quality of the education we offer American students.? Secretary of Education Rod Paige.

ADHD and Autism

ADD and Autism I chose this topic of ADD and autism because I had heard of these two disorders many times before and had always wondered what they were. The subject of why children act differently than others had always interested me since I was little. I have experienced and interacted with a young boy that had autism before and I found that the way he interacted with me and others around him was fascinating. Before researching, I knew that ADD and autism weren't sicknesses like the flu or a cold. Some are born with it, you can't catch or spread it.I knew it had something to do the brains and its genes. I knew that if you had ADD or autism, it would affect the way you learn and behave. Going into this topic, I knew I was most interested in knowing how children act when they are diagnosed with these disorders. How they act compared to children without ADD or autism. I also wanted to know what it was like when they become adults. Does the disorder â€Å"go away'? Or are there ways to cure or calm the symptoms down? I also wanted to research this topic because I wanted to know the difference between the two.I was always confused between ADD and autism and if someone asked me what the difference was, I don't think I loud be able to give a good answer. My thesis going into this research paper is that ADD and autism seem very similar, almost the same, but as I go deeper into the topic, you will see that they are quite different. When we think of ADD and autism, we Just think of it as problems or disorders that make children not â€Å"normal†. My argument is that though these two disorders bring difficulties, they are very different.Different in the way they are caused, how they are diagnosed, what symptoms each ones possesses, and how each one is handled. How they are handled by parents, teachers and doctors. Before researching, I wrote some questions to help me stay focused on what I wanted find out. Some questions that were most helpful dealt with the symp toms in a child with autism or ADD, how parents should deal with their children, how you can detect children with autism/ADD and the difference between the two. These were helpful because there was the most information about those questions.It gave me the opportunity to write more about my topic. Some of my questions weren't as helpful as others. There was only little information I could find about that particular subject so I couldn't write about it as much as the others. When I began to research about ADD and autism I chose three sources for each one. Each one was different. I chose one that talked about what ADD/autism was and how it is caused. Another one explained what the symptoms are when children have these disorders. I also used a source with a real life story about parents and their child who had ADD.This helped me so I could see from a real life perspective, what it was like to live with someone who had ADD. There wasn't a specific order in which I wanted to research, lik e ADD or autism first, so randomly, I started with ADD. I started with the basics. What it was and how it was caused. Then I moved onto the symptoms of a child with ADD and how to can detect and treat disorder. Then I did the same for autism. After I researched about what each one was, I found an article comparing the two. That was very helpful because that was what my research was about: comparing ADD and autism.For this project, I had some struggles getting all my thoughts collected and organized. At times I felt lost and unprepared. I tried to read all my sources as thoroughly as I could in order but I felt like time was rushing against me so I stopped at parts and went and read other resources and went back to the previous one, so it got kind of disorganized. I still was able to label and take notes on each source well and correctly so that was a plus. The research paper outline was a big help for me because it Just made everything much more organized and clear so I knew how I w as going to write and present my paper.What ADD? We all know that ADD is something that kids have sometimes which causes them to act differently but not all people know what it is exactly. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, also known as ADD is a common condition affecting children, teenagers ND even sometimes adults (WebMD). About four million children suffer from ADD. This condition comes with learning disorders causing the children to have a hard time during school (Quietist: Children). Over the years, experts have questioned whether kids outgrow ADD.That made them come to the conclusion that the disorder may be more common in adults than thought otherwise (WebMD). Studies show that children with the disorder generally have problems concentrating or paying attention. They get easily bored, frustrated with the tasks at hand or have difficulty following directions. I feel bad for children with the disorder because it wasn't their fault they act like that. People like teacher s and parents get frustrated and annoyed at these children because they can't sit still or listen the first time.They know that the children are diagnosed with the disorder but they don't fully understand. Another problem that children mainly tend to have with ADD is that they move constantly and are impulsive. They don't have the control to stop and think before they act. This interferes with the child's ability to function at school and home. Even though kids that don't have ADD sometimes have learning and behavioral disabilities, these symptoms are more prominent in a child with the disorder. Adults with ADD don't have the exact same symptoms as a child with the disorder. They may have difficulty with time management, organizational skills, goal setting, and employment. † The problems they face aren't all dealing with work and profession. Adults might also face problems with personal subjects like relationships, self-esteem, and addictions. The symptoms of children with ADD are normally categorized into three groups: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. Inattention has to deal with when the child gets easily distracted or has difficulty following directions. When someone is talking they don't seem to be listening.Hyperactivity symptoms are like when he or she can't sit still. They squirm or fidget constantly and talk excessively. Lastly, impulsively says it in its name. The children don't have control basically. It's hard for them to wait their turn and constantly interrupt others (WebMD). I can understand how dealing with children with ADD can be difficult and frustrating but I think if more people were aware of what the hillier are going through, they could be more understanding. How ADD is caused There is no specific scientific explanation for how ADD is caused.

Fourth Generation Networks Essay Example

Fourth Generation Networks Essay Example Fourth Generation Networks Essay Fourth Generation Networks Essay Name: Course: Instructor: Date: : Fourth Generation Networks The evolution of the cellular networks has undergone rapid changes because of the advancements in information technology that people never thought were possible. Over the past two decades, there have been technological advancements at unimaginable paces due to the growth in ideas and globalization. People from all over the world have been involved in growth of technology by competing with others to develop identical products that have seen favor in the eyes of the consumers and public. New products such as the touch screen mobile phones that were not in existence over the past decade are now en vogue with almost every individual in countries around the world owning one or planning to buy one creating a huge demand for such gadgets (Adibi et al, 34). More mobile phones are being developed with enhanced speeds that can be able to stream videos at unimaginable speeds. This can be attributed to the development of new bandwidths such as the Third generation networks (3G) and the Fourth Generation (4G). The evolution of the 3G networks into the 4G network can be attributed to the advancements in technology that have aided in the development of new networks. As an individual, the use of electronic gadgets that rely on new generation networks for transmission of information such as mobile phones, laptops, personal computers, tablets and android mobile phones, has been fun and exhilarating. On is able to stream videos form the internet in an instant. In addition, you are able to send videos and other multimedia messages at fast and unimaginable speeds that have never been experienced before. The fourth generation is exceptional as it provides the mobile users with exceptional and fast internet speeds. Business as well have been able to take advantage of the use of the new generation of networks that allows them to coordinate plans and strategies that are vital for the success of the business between different branches of a business some of which are thousands of miles apart. The new networks developed have enabled video conferencing by companies. This has the benefit of reducing costs such as traveling and other expenses that would have been used in traveling from one location to another for meetings. The use of teleconferencing enables people to communicate on a live basis while viewing each other on a screen maybe thousands of miles apart. The fourth generation networks have opened up new businesses that were not in existence. Technological advancements have enabled development of new products that only use the fourth generation networks. Gadgets such as the screen sensitive phones and tablets have become a common scene in the public domain because of their high demand due to their high speeds and numerous entertainment capabilities (Makaya Pierre, 22). Increased demand in products that use fourth generation networks has resulted in increased job opportunities. Development of new networks might eventually lead to new technologies that are superior to the existent fourth generation networks. Moreover the fourth generation networks has been a source of revenue to governments due to increased usage of data and revenues for companies dealing in the business of selling data (Hey, Tansley Tolle, 18). Thus with such revenues accrued to governments they are able to initiate development projects and further the growth of the networks into remote areas. Fourth generation networks have led to globalization of the world such that it is relatively easy to coordinate business and communicate with people around the world. Businesses have grown because of globalization such that it is relatively easy to coordinate and delegate duties within a global organization with presence in different parts of the world. Work cited Adibi, Sasan, Mobasher, Amin Tom Tofigh. Fourth-generation Wireless Networks: Applications and Innovations. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, 2010. Print. Hey, Anthony J. G, Tansley, Stewart Tolle, Kristin M. The Fourth Paradigm: Data-intensive Scientific Discovery. Redmond, Wash: Microsoft Research, 2009. Print. Makaya, Christian Pierre, Samuel. Emerging Wireless Networks: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2012. Print.

true love essays

true love essays Foolish Love Throughout my life I have behaved in many of foolish ways due to the emotion called love. Love is something I used to dream about as a child and have grown to fear as an adult. Every person feels differently about love, but because of David I hurt my parents, my self-esteem and ability to trust people. At the age of fourteen, I was not concerned with my parents feelings. I did exactly the opposite of what they told me to do and did not think about the consequences. When they found out I was dating a guy five years older than me they tried to prohibit me from seeing him again. I was in love so I made it possible to see David every time he wanted to see me. I would get my parents to drop me off somewhere like the movies or putt-putt and he would pick me up after they had left. I would sneak out of my bedroom window and meet David down the road. I did not care if my parents found out, all that mattered to me was seeing David. I blamed everything that went wrong in my life o n them. If David did not call me one night, I would accuse them of taking the phone off the hook. If David was rude to me, I would claim it was because he knew they did not like him. I would do anything to ignore the fact that David did not love me. It took a while for my parents to forgive me. I can only imagine what I put them through. I just wanted to be loved by David so deeply, I hurt the people who actually loved me the most. Not only did I hurt my parents, I hurt my self-esteem to. I would constantly criticize myself by thinking the reason David left me was because I was not pretty enough for him. In my mind David was perfect and I was nothing without him. I blamed myself for being so young and immature when all along it was David who was the immature one. He would often make jokes about my age as if it was my fault that I was younger than him. I would lock myself in my bedroom and not see or talk to anybody for days at a time. Eventually, I realiz ...

APTT reagent contains pathromtin and Action FS Essay

APTT reagent contains pathromtin and Action FS - Essay Example Poor monitoring of heparin, Heparin interacts with contact activation pathway than tissue factor pathway, therefore making APTT not an ideal monitoring tool for heaprinoid since it is prone to nonheparin influences. (c) (I) The most probable diagnosis is hemophilia. This is because from the reference range, APTT is abnormal and we are to look at the coagulation in intrinsic pathway. It is clear that abnormal APTT is a result of abnormalities in the IX, XI, XII and FVII. A shortage in FVIII stops coagulation thus making clot not to form. This causes weak clot to form which is susceptible to knocks and bumps that will increase the level of hemophilia, thus the reason the boy is having pain on his left elbow, as there is recurrent bleeding. (ii) Hemophilia is disease caused by continuous recurrent bleeding. A deficiency in the FVIII which is a clotting factor causes a clot not to form thereby resulting is sustainable tissue damage that are prone to mechanical and fibrinolytic damage. Th e common site of hemorrhage is the weight bearing parts of the body such as the elbows and knees since they bear strain because of weight moreover their daily movements are susceptible to bumps and knock that can lead to more hemorrhage. This recurrent bleeding on to joints is very painful and results in tissue damage. As this problem persists for a long time it may necessitates the replacement of the affected joints since there will continuous contraction and loss in movement. 2. (a) When a normal neutrophil is smeared with a combination of May Grunewald and Giemsa stain, the neutrophil appears in a round or oval shaped cells when observed and the cells have granulated cytoplasm and eccentric...This digestion is composed of two parts: oxidize or respiratory response in which it involves the activation of non-mitochondrial oxidize enzymes that generates toxic oxygen species and the other process involves the release of neutrophil granule content into the ingested material. The combi nation of these two processes results into an effective killing mechanism. After this, the neutro...

Biocentric Egalitarianism and Land Ethic Term Paper

Biocentric Egalitarianism and Land Ethic - Term Paper Example Biocentric egalitarianism advocates for the respect of non-human beings based on moral principles and values. These views reflect similar arguments that humans depend on nature to survive and thus the earth would be a better place without humans (Jonge 23). However, a critical analysis suggests that the moral duty to respect nature can conflict other moral duties. Kantian Moral Philosophy One example where duty to respect can conflict other moral duties is the application of Kant’s theory about animal rights. Kantian moral philosophy asserts that animals are mere instruments, which may be used for human purpose (Korsgaard 3). According Korsgaard, Kant’s point of view about legal rights is not to protect human interests, but to enable each citizen to act justly and for what is good. Kant’s moral philosophy underlines that non-rational animals lack the kind of freedom that rights protect. In particular, it is because human beings are rational beings that they are a ble to choose how they want to live (5). However, Kant’s philosophy extends the rights held by human beings to include property rights. According to Kant we have the moral obligation to claim property including animals, and the legal status of such animals is the direct correlate of their moral status as mere means (instruments) (5). Further, according to Kant, we have no moral duty to animals. In contrast, biocentrism upholds the need to make moral consideration towards non-human species. From this perspective, the conflict between Kant’s moral philosophy and the duty to respect nature as maintained by non-anthropocentric ethical position remains apparent with regard to animal rights. To resolve the conflict between Kant’s theory and biocentrism regarding animal rights, it is important to address the interpretation problems associated with the humanity formula. This is especially because faced with such a situation would require one to decide to follow the huma nity formulary as applied by Kant or to stick with the rationality formulary defined in biocentrism. Libertarianism Another example of a conflict between non-anthropocentric ethical position about duty to respect nature and other moral duties is the issue of ‘forest justice’ as seen in the lenses of libertarianism. According to libertarianism, forests and indeed biodiversity, has value only to the extent that it contributes to the expansion of individual freedom (Holsinka 3). The ‘forest justice’ can be illustrated by attempts by governments to transfer property rights to local communities to enable them benefit from forest resources. In anthropocentric ethical philosophy, human beings are viewed as separate identities based on self-interest and altruistic humanism. According to Kopnina, anthropocentrism grants intrinsic value to human beings. On the other hand, biocentrism emphasizes on the intrinsic value for ecosystems including humans, plant and animal species. This disconnect represents a broader inconsistency within the fields of environmental conservation. The main concern is that support for environmental conservation appears to be motivated by utilitarian and instrumental ethics. Just like biodiversity, we place value on forests because we think we might need it, we like it or we ought to. Non-anthropocentric ethical position would emphasize on the instrumental value of forests-that